Kant is responsible for the most prominent and well-known form of deontological ethics. Posted May 18, 2012 | Reviewed by Matt Huston 1 All of morality aims at the. This system can justify actions that might be considered morally wrong, so long as those actions bring about an overall better outcome. An outcomes-based approach focuses on consequences. The outcome-based ethical approach is grounded in John Stuart Mill's work, 13 called utilitarianism, and is focused on the consequences of the actions. Two examples of consequentialism are utilitarianism and hedonism. In Greek, ' Deon' means 'duty' or 'obligation' and 'logos' means 'speaking' or 'study'. A "good" action is one that results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people Cost Benefit Analysis The outcome-based approach also comes with increased and more complicated paperwork. The most famous version of this theory is utilitarianism. Outcome based practice, is defined by the Scottish Government as "an outcomes-based approach encourages us all to focus on the differences that we make and not just the input or processes over which we have control" (Scottish Government 2011). Langenderfer and Rockness rely on this consequence-based approach in evaluating the alternatives. It is no good to try something in a sloppy fashion, to fail to observe all relevant factors and their results, or to adopt a change simply on someone's say-so. 1. Keeping this in view, what is philosophical approach . Learn more in: Exploring Ethics in . An action that brings about more benefit than harm is good, while an action that causes more harm than benefit is not. These can be simply described as command, consequences and character. discipline has exhibited four fundamental "approaches" These four approaches are often called "ethical decision-making frameworks:" Utilitarian Ethics (outcome based), Deontological Ethics (duty based), Virtue Ethics (virtue based) and Communitarian Ethics (community based). An overview of the different approaches is provided below, with a focus on outcomes-based regulation. In compliance-based programs, organizations tend to establish their rules of conduct and put penalties in place for anyone who disobeys those rules . In 2011, the English Government launched is first framework of outcomes for adult health and . Utilitarian ethics are based on the maximization of "good outcomes" and minimization of "bad outcomes." In utilitarianism, the ethical choice is the one that benefits the most people (or harms the . Specifically, outcomes that support happiness and do not lead to unhappiness or some type of pain are . Deontological ethics provide certainty. The aim was to investigate EPP learning outcomes by . negative principle: it tells a lawyer what he or she should not do. Actions in deontology are always judged independently of their outcome. This newer approach is a direct response to the financial crisis of 2007-9. Consists of a group of ethical theories that place central importance on the consequences of an action, all of which maintain that an action is morally right only when its positive outcomes are maximized, and its negative effects are mitigated (e.g. formulate and model problems and find engineering solutions based on a system approach. If someone bases their morality from the consequences of the decision, then there is uncertainty until that information develops. This theory states that what is good for an individual in inherently good for the community. Principle Approach. We all have an image of our better selvesof how we are when we act ethically or are "at our best.". Five Common Sources of Ethical Standards The Utilitarian Approach. There are three major ethical approaches that managers might use in making an ethical choice - a utilitarian or consequence approach, a negative or positive rights approach, or a virtue-based . For example: A deontological . the public relations should be based on a worldview that incorporates ethics into the process of public relations rather than on a view that debates the ethics of its outcomes." In other words, ethics should be about the . Decisions are based on how much final "good" or "happiness" they will produce for the greatest number of people. Finally, there is the Common Good Approach. King IV states that the governing body has the discretion to determine where the King IV disclosures will be made; for example in the integrated report, sustainability report, social and ethics committee report, or other online or printed information or reports. These involve an element of compassion Eve, an employee of Fine Sales Company, takes an outcome-based approach to ethics. 2.4 The Shift from Content-based Education to Outcomes-based Education Olivier (1998:20-21) says that the move from mainly content-based education to OBE was thought of at a time when the quality movement in business and manufacturing was introduced. Duty based ethics can be defined as actions that (independent of consequences) are right or wrong. The classic form of results-based ethics is called utilitarianism. By its name, we can know that deontological approach is duty-based ethics. The following are five universal approaches to consider when making those decisions. This utilitarian approach to achieving societal goals is practical but not in and of itself ethical. It has been codified by the Evaluation Cooperation Group (ECG), a professional network established in 1996 to promote a harmonized approach to evaluation methodology among the five major multilateral development banks. Unit 3 - An outcome-based approach to ethics Weighing up the good & bad consequences likely to follow from acting a particular way Consequences in action? OBE is a distinctive impact assessment approach that supports both accountability and learning. We are all obliged to fulfill our duties and to act to fulfill these duties (Shakil, 2014) Nurse. Kant's moral theory is based on his view of the human being as having the unique capacity for rationality . 2.1. Students are cast as central characters in authentic vignettes and complete guided learning activities to facilitate their ethical reasoning skills. Teleological ethics relies on an analysis of the outcomes or consequences of each action; the best choice is that which maximizes the benefits while minimizing the harms of alternative actions. When using the method of nor- require predicting probable outcomes based on facts and experience; Outcome-based education approaches the curriculum decision making based on the competencies students should demonstrate at the end of their educational program, thus the outcomes or competencies dictate the curriculum content and organization, the teaching methods and strategies, the course offered, the educational . In the Philippines, the Commission on Higher Education used the plural form, i.e., "outcomes-based." For the sake of consistency in this work, we shall use Spady's singular form throughout The rst approach, normative ethics, is an attempt to decide or prescribe values, behaviors, and ways of being that are right orwrong, good or bad, admirable or deplorable. The last remark is powerful. As a hypothetical soldier, it is your duty to stand at your post and not move from your post, until discharged. Utilitarianism. For instance, most people would agree that lying is wrong. From the earliest moments of recorded human consciousness, the ethical discipline has entailed four fundamental approaches, often called ethical decision-making frameworks: Utilitarian Ethics (outcome based), Deontological Ethics (duty based), Virtue Ethics (virtue based), and Communitarian Ethics (community based). This approach of calculating consequences and comparing the results is often known as "consequentialism" or "teleological ethics" from the Greek word telos, meaning "end.". an outcome based approach to delivering on the Government's Purpose - to create a more successful country, with opportunities for all of Scotland to flourish, through increasing sustainable growth . Outcomes-Based Practices such as component search and variable search The final criterion is that experimentation must be done carefully and reflectively. taking risks, learning from instructor/classmates Ethics . Principles may be too broad. Consequentialism is a theory that says whether something is good or bad depends on its outcomes. Objectives-Based Evaluation. Let's explore the characteristics and outcomes of a compliance-based vs. ethics-based approach to programs. e) Ability to conduct research in chosen fields of engineering. What is the difference between consequence- based ethics and ruled-based ethics? Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that says that the right thing to do in any situation is whatever will "do the most good" (that is, whatever will produce the best outcomes) taking into consideration the interests of all concerned parties. The second level is the level of actionable principles for responsible design and . An example of this would be torturing someone to find the location of a ticking time bomb. This question answers the dilemma of which option will produce the greatest benefits and least harm. This is a qualitative study that aimed to explore nursing students' experiences of ethics education using the four topics method, and we conducted it in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) [].The research team consisted of four researchers: two with a Ph.D. in Nursing and two with a Ph.D. in Public Health focusing on medical . The governing body may also choose to disclose its There has been an impressive level of buy-in to the principle of an outcomes based approach from Scottish Public Bodies to date. Utilitarian Approach. The rules-based performances likewise inspire those individuals to play everywhere with the guidelines, to discover gaps and vagueness in the rules, as well as to . Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes. Study Design. Some ethicists emphasize that the ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm, or, to put it another way, produces the greatest balance of good over harm. One of the core outcomes of the Sixth International Conference on Adult Education (CONFINTEA VI) held in 2009 was the Belm Framework for Action (BFA). Uncertainty about how the regulator will view conduct, measures and controls; Ongoing justification and recording the reasoning behind conduct or measures. Rights . Utilitarian ethics is very different from rights-based ethics; some say the two approaches are opposites. In Greek, ' Deon' means 'duty' or 'obligation' and 'logos' means 'speaking' or 'study'. Objectives-Based Evaluation. OBE is a distinctive impact assessment approach that supports both accountability and learning. The fairness or justice approach to ethics has its roots in the . Kant: Duty-based Ethics "There is no possibility of thinking of anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be regarded as good without qualification, except a good will." What does it mean for something to be good without qualification? It states that "favoritism and discrimination" are immoral, so all humans should be treated alike. Posted May 18, 2012 | Reviewed by Matt Huston All of morality aims at the. Answer : Purchase course for answer Rules-based regulation is based on detailed rules that set out . Unformatted text preview: An outcome-based approach to ethics is referred to the same as utilitarianism. utilitarianism, egoism). Here it says that the Results suggest that including information in case studies reflecting clear, simple key causes and negative outcomes results in better ethical sensemaking and ethical decision-making. While performing any action, the agent must remember their duty and obligation. In the utilitarian approach, decisions are chose based on the greatest amount of benefit obtained for the greatest number of individuals. Eve believes that she must produce the greatest good for the most people. In the most extreme circumstances for both, both can become problematic. Outcome based utilitarianism approach Different Form of Ethical Approach character based approach virtue ethics approach respect for autonomy; Joseph Raz allowing people to make their own decisions, unless doing so harms others or the common good lawyer should not harm a client. Good "not because of what it effects or accomplishes, nor because of This section borrows elements from Scott B. Rae, Moral Choices: An Introduction To Ethics (Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan, 1995) 13-96, and Dennis P. Hollinger, Choosing the Good (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002) 27-60. A consequence is a result of an act: unprotected sex ---> you get pregnant ---> NOW you know and tell your kid . The other challenge that applies to outcome-based behavioral healthcare is that this approach is subject to inconsistencies. The objectives of these SUM Values are (1) to provide you with an accessible framework to start thinking about the moral scope of the societal and ethical impacts of your project and (2) to establish well-defined criteria to evaluate its ethical permissibility. Different ethical intuitions place different weight on the importance of intentions vs. outcomes in evaluating our actions. It is a form of consequentialism. This approach in effect, seeks to do action, which will have a better outcome while trying to avoid actions that will have bad consequences. 2. Most often, three different approaches are identified. Deontological approach comes from deontology. Utilitarianism is part of a larger family of consequentialist . One problem with this model is that it is biased . List the six key drivers which the FCA believes influence the culture of a firm. After this course, participants will be able to identify and examine options for resolving challenging ethical dilemmas. Tort of negligence - duty of care to avoid causing harm i. drivers on the road and between teachers and students "The moment of running out is a really bad moment for consumers,"1 says a spokesperson for Brita jabs in an ad promoting the company's automatically replenishing water filters. Complexity of described causes and outcome favorability were manipulated in two ethical cases used during an ethics education course. In recent years, a third approach has emerged - outcomes-based regulation. 3 Approaches to Ethics: Principles, Outcomes and Integrity The social world is messy and ethics helps us muddle through. Compare: Outcome based ethics: Ethics based on the consequences of action taken or foresworn, without regard to any underlying concept of duty or morality- situational ethics. What benefits and what harms will each course of action produce, and which alternative will lead to the best overall consequences? DeWeese (2005) and James Porter Moreland as "any moral theory which judges the moral value of an action based on its outcome or consequences" (DeWeese, G. J., & Moreland, J. P. p. 91). . I list this first not because it is the best moral approach, or even because it is the one most frequently used, but because it is the most familiar, since most ethics education is based on principles. Its signatories committed to monitoring the most recent development stages of adult learning and education (ALE) worldwide on a regular basis, and to present and assess results in a global report. Biggs and Tang (as cited in Goff, L., n.d., slide 9) in their Outcomes Based Education (OBE) Version 3 Teaching and Learning, outlined three main features of OBE: state outcomes of teaching; teach to increase the likelihood of most students achieving the outcomes; assess how well outcomes have been achieved using authentic assessment. Ethical Theory: Utilitarianism. This says that the ethically right choice in a given situation is the one that produces the most happiness and the least. Rules based approach Vs principles based approach in regards to accounting and auditing Profession . Therefore, this is the key difference between teleological and . Deontological ethics take a different approach. Each has a distinctive point of Requires more skills to develop measures that will meet the outcome or principle. Even though pay in sweatshops is low, sweatshops create job opportunities in poor countries at higher wages than workers received before. That means every choice someone makes offers the potential of being right or wrong until the outcomes become apparent. light of this, a discussion of OBE as the country's new approach to education is presented. It doesn't matter what you did. . . Unlike the command approach (where the best option is determined by whether the action conforms to the applicable rules) the consequences approach is decided . While performing any action, the agent must remember their duty and obligation. Outcome based ethics = Utilitarianism dictates that a decision to act or not act should be directed towards producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Teleological is an approach to ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions by examining its consequences while deontological is an approach to ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, instead of examining any other considerations. Outcome based ethics (like utilitarianism) focuses on the result. 1. It is the only moral framework that can be used to justify military force or war. Due to trifling essential level, the outcomes could be less outstanding ethics. The aim was to investigate EPP learning outcomes by . outcomes. The short-sighted "window dressing" of compliance-based training programs . For example, actions are considered ethical is they produce certain desirable outcomes. Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). Rules-based regulation. This approach is based in equality. The Virtue Approach The previous approaches focus on what people should do; the virtue approach focuses on what people should be Fundamental question: what kind of person should I be? Inconsistent approach to implementation. Therapists are more comfortable with the old way of doing things whereby treatment progressed uniformly. Utilitarianism states that people ought to maximize the human welfare or well-being (the one that they used to call 'utility' - therefore the name). It has been codified by the Evaluation Cooperation Group (ECG), a professional network established in 1996 to promote a harmonized approach to evaluation methodology among the five major multilateral development banks. . A Framework for Ethical Decision Making. 5. One might think that consequentialists would favor the outcome-based approach, and indeed, judging based on outcomes is sometimes the best way to optimize performance. A design-based research approach was utilised to create EPP resources and this study focuses on the analysis phase of the design process. An act can be morally bad but may unintentionally lead to a favorable outcome. We probably also have an image of what an ethical community, an ethical . But if telling a lie would help save a person's life, consequentialism says it's the right thing to do. Duty based ethics states that we are morally obligated to act in accordance with a certain set of principles and rules regardless of outcome. What is Consequence-Based Ethics. Consequentialism is an ethical theory that judges whether or not something is right by what its consequences are. In utilitarian ethics, outcomes justify the means or ways to achieve it, whereas in deontological ethics, duties/obligations are of prime importance (i.e., end/outcomes may not justify the means).